Manufacture of soaps



Patented Dec..15, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT aueusr summer, or rnAnKroR'r-oN-rnE-Mhm, GERMANY, nssrcnon r0 I. e.

mmsnmnnus'rnrn nxrrmrcnsnnnscnarr, orv F-RANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, GER- MANY, A CORPORATION OF GERMANY MANUFACTURE OF SOAPS No Drawing. Application filed November 12, 1928, Serial No. 319,013, and in- Germany Novembr'15, 1927.

This invention relates to the manufacture of soaps which are especially adapted for dissolving fats, oils, resins and contaminations of any kind. "F or this purpose it has been proposed to incorporate chlorinated hydrocarbons in a water-soluble form into soap, and such preparations which are put up for sale in the form of liquids have been used to a great extent in textile industries. However, they have not been adopted ,in households and workshops for-the following reasons. v

First of all the intense smell of the preparations. when used for domestic purposes has been objected to; secondly such preparations could not be utilized for washing and cleaning purposes owing to their property of excessively extracting the fat from the skin, and thirdly the liquid form in which the preparations were hitherto prepared often impeded their general-use.

Now I have found that excellent products of the kind referred to are obtained by incorporating into soap water-soluble monoalkyl ethers of the group comprising 5 glycols and polyglycols,'as for instance, diethyleneglycol, triethyleneglycol and mixtures there'- of. For instance, by admixing glycolmond alkylethers C H OHOR (for instance, an ethylene-, propyleneor butylene-glycolether) or ethers of polyethyleneglycols, which are good solvents for certain substances, such as fatty oils of vegetable or animal origin or mineral oils and resins,.soda or potash soaps are obtained having an increased cleaning capacity. The said-ethers are soluble in water and this property also belongs to the aqueous solutions of such soaps.

Potash soaps are easily soluble in glycolmonoalkylethers; their solubility is increased bya small addition of water. Therefore glycolmonoalkylethers may be mixed within wide limits with var ing amounts of potash oaps to form liqui or jelly-like products.

A further advantage consists in that no- Soda soaps are, as a rule, rather. diflicultly soluble in the liquid glycolmonoalkylethers when cold; they are more soluble at temperatures from about to 100 C. In this case the solubility may also be increased by a slight addition of water; Even with a small percentage of soap, amounting to about I have further found that the presence of i the said. glycolor polyglycolethers in, the soap facilitates the incorporation of numerous other fat-solvents, such as liquid hydrocarbon compounds, including their halogen substitution products as, for instance, chlorinated hydrocarbons of, the aliphatic, aromatic or hydroaromatic series. By varying the proportions of the ingredients (including water) either solid or jelly-like or unguentary products may be obtained.

For producing the new soap I may pro ceed in such a way that the soda or potash soap or the soap-paste is first stirred with the glycolether at temperatures from about 50 to 100?" G. and then the other ingredients are added in'a closed vessel, stirring'and heating being continued. Thereafter the mass is allowed to solidify or to gelatinize, as the case may be.

In all cases the said-'glycolethers or polyglycolethers and the liquid hydrocarbon compounds may be added to the finished soaps, or the ethers and, if desired, also the other ingredients or mixtures or both may be added or incorporated to the raw materials from .which the soap is produced. The final products are distinguished by-the same qualities as the products obtained by adding the same ingredients to the finished soap, but are es-/ pecially characterized by their strong frothing or lathering power andby their agree-.

able action upon theskig As ascertained by exper'ments, the abovenamed ethers are not attacked,\when present while the process of saponifying oils or fats is performed. Preferably I may proceed in such a way that the fat or oil to be saponified is first dissolved in the ether to be employed, then the saponification is effected and thereafter, if desired, a li uid hydrocarbon or a liquid chlorinated hy rocarbon is added. In some cases it may be advantageous to mix the fat or oil to be saponified with the ether along with the hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon and then to subject the mixture to saponification.

Owing to the fact that glycolalkylethers have a higher boiling point than the liquid hydrocarbons o-r chlorinated hydrocarbons employed, the former perform the action of decreasing the vapor tension of the latter whereby the smell of the preparations is reduced to such a degree that it is no longer perceived as offensive when using the products. The slight proper odour of the ethers does not appear at all.

Being liquids of a slightly oily character which are easily soluble in water as well as in hydrocarbons and chlorohydrocarbons, the

glycolalkylethers and the (individual or mixed) polyglycolalkylethers are furthermore characterized by the fact that they largely repress the feeling of fat-extracting from the skin. Indeed the properties of soaps even containing, for instance, more than 30% of chlorinated hydrocarbons are altered to such an extent that no roughness or hardness of the skin is brought about, but on the contrary the skin gets a soft, tender and pliable character which is preserved unchanged even after repeated washing. As compared with glycerine soaps, the new soaps are distinguished by a superior cleaning power, as glycerine is no solvent for fatty oils, resins and the like.

One of the advantageous results produced by the addition of glycolor polyglycolalkylethers to soda or potash soap consists in that considerable quantities of liquid hydrocarbon compounds as defined above, according to the requirements of the practice, can be incorporated into the soap without the said hydrocarbon compounds etc. being separated on dilution with water. Furthermore the essential fact has been ascertained that, with the aid of the above-said ethers, from 30 to 40% of liquid hydrocarbon compounds, as will be shown. by the examples may be incorporated into potash soaps or mixed soda and potash soaps without the tough,jelly-like appearance of the soft soaps being altered. By adding a higher percentage of ethers and hydrocarbon compounds or water unguentary or liquid, products are obtained, the action of which on the skin is likewise agreeable and irreproachable.

Soda soaps may be produced according to my invention and pressed into moulds.

Emamples 1. 250 parts of soft soap are, at temperatures from about 50 to 100 C. mixed, while stirring, with 40 parts of glycolmonobutylether, and, while further stirring, 200 parts of carbon tetrachloride are added. The appearance of the soft soap remains unaltered. On dissolving the product in water, no carbon tetrachloride is separated.

2. 50 parts of hard soap and 200 parts of soft soap are first mixed and heated to form a uniform paste. Thereupon 40 parts of'glycolmonomethylether are added while stirring and continued heating and then 200 parts of carbon tetrachloride are introduced, stirring being continued. A tough, jelly-like soft soap is obtained. On adding water, no part of the chlorohydrocarbon is separated.

3. 250 parts of soda soap paste are mixed, while stirring with 40 parts of glycolmonoethylether. Then 200 parts of carbon tetrachloride are introduced, likewise while stirring at temperatures from about 50 to 100 C. 'After cooling-down the product solidifies in the form of a tough paste, from which on mixing with water the chlorinated hydrocarbon does not separate.

t. 240 parts of bleached linseed oil are mixed, while stirring with 100 parts of water on the water-bath to form a fine emul sion. Then 54 parts of caustic potash dissolved in 100 parts of water are gradually added while stirring. The stirring is continued, further quantities of Water being added until the saponification is completed. The water then amounts to 470 parts. Thereupon 80 parts of glycolmonoethylether and then 360 parts of carbontetrachloride are added while further stirring. A ereamlike soa is obtained.

5. 250 parts 0 soft soap, 40 parts of glycolmonobutylether and 115 parts of toluene are mixed while stirring at room temperature. A jelly-like mass is produced having the appearance of common soft soap.

6. 200 parts of hard soap are dissolved, While stirring in a hot solution of 100 arts of glycolmonoethylether and 30 parts 0 Water; then the mixture is cooled down to some extent and 95 parts of tetraline are added. On cooling down, the mass solidifies as a transparent solid soap.

7. 200 parts of hard soap are dissolved at temperatures from about 50 to 100 C. in a mixture of 100 parts of glycolmonoethylether and 30 parts of water while stirring; then the mixture is cooled down to some extent and 7 5 parts of benzine are added while stirring. On cooling down the mass solidifies in the form of a hard soap.

Instead of potash 0r soda soaps a mixture of both may be used.

8. 240 parts of linseed oil are mixed with 80 parts of glycolmonoethylether. The

mixtureis now saponified with 5 1 parts of caustic potash dissolved in 81 parts of water while heating. The soap is mixed when still hot with 180 parts of carbontetrachloride. A. product is obtained having the appearance of a jelly-like soft soap.

9. 100 parts of cocoa-nut fat are dissolved in a mixture of 60 parts of glycolmonoethyh ether and 90 parts of carbontetrachloride. Then the fat is saponified with 52 parts of a hot caustic soda solution showing 38 B. On cooling-down, the product solidifies as a hard soap.

10. 24:0 parts of linseed oil are mixed with 100 parts of glycolmonobutylether. The mixture is then saponified with 54 parts of caustic potash dissolved in 31 parts of water while heating. A jelly like soap is obtained having the appearance of soft soa The product may be mixed, if, desired, wit 1 120 parts of tetraline, benzine or toluene.

11. 100 parts of cocoa-nut fat are dissolved in a mixture of 60 parts of glycolmonoethylether and parts of tetraline.- Then the fat is saponified with 52 parts of'a caustic soda solution of 38 B while heating. On cooling-down, the product solidifies as a hard soap.

12. 100 parts of cocoa-nut fat are dissolved in a mixture of 60 parts of glycolmonoethylether and 60 parts of toluene. Then the fat is saponified with 52 parts of a caustic soda solution of 38 B while heating. After cooling-down, the mixture solidifies as a hard soap.

13. 100 parts of cocoa-nut fat are dissolved in a mixture of 60 parts of glycolmonoethylether and 60 ports of benzene. The fat is saponified with 52 parts of a caustic soda droca'rbon compound wherever it occurs in the following claims is to include those hydrocarbons and their halogen substitution products which are in common use as volatile solvents.

I claim 1. As a new article of manufacture and trade, a soap containing a monoalkylether of the group comprising glycols and polyglycols and a'liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon.

2. As a new article of manufacture and trade, a soap containing a monoalkylether of the group comprising glycols and polyglycols and carbon tetrachloride.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature.

AUGUST RUPPERT.

solution of 38 Be while heating.- After cooling down, the mixture solidifies as a hard soap.

14. 240 parts of linseed oil are mixed with 100 parts of the monoethylether of a technical mixture of polyethyleneglycols. Then the mixture is saponified at temperatures from about 50 to 100 C. with 54 parts of caustic soda dissolved in 81 parts of water; thereupon 180 parts of carbontetrachloride are added while stirring.- A product is obtained having the appearance of a jelly-like soft soap.

15. 200 parts of hard soap are dissolved in 100 parts of monoethylether of mixed polyethyleneglycols while heating. After 0001-,

ing-down, the product solidifies forming a hard soap.

16. 100 parts of monoethylether of mixed polyethyleneglycols are dissolved at temperatures'from about 50 to 100 C. in 400 parts of soft soap. By adding to the clear solution 150 parts of tetraline, a jelly-like soft soap is produced.

17. 400 parts of soft soapare dissolved at temperatures from about 50 to 100 C. in 

